Quantity

Value

acceleration due to gravity (earth)

9.8 m/s²

speed of light in a vacuum (c)

2.99792458 X 10⁸ m/s (exact)

gravitational constant (G)

6.67259(85) X 10^-11 Nm²kg^-2

Planck constant, (h)

6.6260755(40) X 10^-34 Js

h/2π

1.05457266(63) X 10^-34 Js

Avogadro constant (N_A, L)

6.0221367(36) X 10²³ /mol

Faraday constant

9.6485309(29) X 10⁴ C/mol

molar gas constant (R)

8.314510(70) J/K/mol

Boltzman constant (k)

1.380658(12) X 10^-23 J/K

EQUATIONS

OPTICS

MECHANICS

M =